Mohammad Mosaddek Hussain :
Actually, globalisation strives to transform the the world economy for last decades. It also has shaped the developed world as well as the underdeveloped countries including the Asian regions. While there was a period of stagnation in the globalisation process in the middle of the twentieth century, innovations are revitalised in many ways the globalisation pressures after the Second World War. More recently, the information and communication technology revolution has transformed access to information and simplified international contacts at a large scale. Among the consequences of these radical development that have been an acceleration of globalisation with less restriction on trade and at the same time in more goods and services, foreign investment and capital flows, the potentiality for substantial human migration and bigger remittance, a revolution is floirished in information access, and the growth of institutions such as the IMF, WTO, BRICS, TICFA, and other international treaties which attempt to regulate international economic activity. Local cultures and the nation state are being transformed gradually along with the environmental development in social and economic life of the people of this region.. This transformation brings profound impacts on the socio-economic patter and consumption trend then the past, and today, looking forward to the way globalisation that impacts on the future, while contributing to international socio-economic balance on the socio-economic and political life of people by the globalisation trend..
The most compelling reasons to improve the situation of globalization, comprehensive research in this regions and also to align the research interests in other countries with those that are equal collaborators include the huge socio-cultural, socio-economic, and socio-political costs, as well as the policy implications associated with technology transfer, global socio-economic governance, and human development as a whole. The significant rise in poverty, sharp decline in middle-class living standards, and the increasing number of households experiencing a large decline in access to health, education, social services, and human capital development in this region that should combat through global socio-economic programmes as per need of the local inhabitants. Actually there the crucial chalenges for the developing countries like ours. Imbalance in globalization process between the developed and developing countries are colossal in may segments of social life.. This is because policies governing these issues are largely formulated by developed nations based on facts emanating from a globalization research paradigm developed and ascribed to by researchers of those developed countries.
In fact, there is a dire need to pause supra-territorial research collaboration between developed and underdeveloped economies and after finding the disparity, a balanced socio-economic development policy is to be undertaken for balance the gap so that this region could overcome this imbalance in the years to come. The need for globalization research has provoked many reform proposals that reflect different, even contradictory, views about the underlying problems and their solutions. Besides, some programme and policies lack a systematic approach to globalization process and fail to address the socio-economic challenges of the people of this region where the research premise neglects social and values and local culture and constraints, as well as legal and institutional changes.
In reality, globalization research in this reasons faces immense resource constraints, along with challenges of focus and capacity, which have made it difficult to grow the globalization research. To this end, the higher institutions, university, the government sector, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play pivotal role in the generation of comprehensive research data and information on globalization, its processes, impact and need-based policies to balance the gap situation. In real sense, the paucity of timely, accurate, and data on global activities has compounded the frustrating challenges that globalization poses to researchers in this region.
On the other hand, data availability in the area of government finance, international programmes, trade and commerce, as well as cross-boarder informal business remains rather poor. Most of th data in these regions are mere estimates because there are no systematic mechanisms for recording and compiling such data in the relevant sector or government agencies. Generally, the problems with public statistics in relation to social-technological, economic, and political transactions increase in magnitude as one moves down from the state to local government levels. Needless to say, this most unsatisfactory state of affairs seriously constrains effective globalization transformation.
The general goals of this research program are to:
1. Involve developed and developing countries in dialogs for framing an effective policy that would maintain equality and fight the challenge of Asian Regions. This will link with overseas scholars working on globalisation.
2. Contribute to the international communities on globalisation by adding difference experience on different countries by extending some of the analytic models.
3 Help build a scholarly community on globalisation, involving a variety of disciplines, concerned with globalisation.
4 Transfer key elements and scholarly knowledge on globalisation to other regions for strengthening collaboration and cooperation between countries.
5. Disseminate knowledge about the best processes of globalization for reducing inequality between the developed and developing countries including Asian regions.
6. To gather and maintain of accurate database in all the collaborating countries for future reference.
7.Identify determinants and strategies for fighting socio-economic challenges that have emerged from the process of globalization and suggest solutions based on the demand and inormation.
Globalization is a very current phenomenon. The presentations are often emotional rather than analytic – they rarely define globalisation – although some are of very high quality.At the scholarly level there is a progressive, analytic, international research program which identifies the globalisation phenomenon starting at least in the nineteenth century. A website identifies almost 7000 items which use ‘globalisation’ or ‘globalization’ although some are repeats, some are popular or of poor quality, and some are focused on particularities.
Globalisation as the consequence of reductions in the costs of distance. This causal-based definition encompasses the OECD phenomenon-based definition of ‘geographical dispersion of industrial and service activities and the cross-border networking of companies’, and includes other phenomena such as migration, technology transfer, capital mobility, and institutions such as the IMF and WTO.
There is frequent mention of transport costs in some of the most interesting globalisation literature, but they are not always given prominence. This focus on reducing costs of distance reflects a standard economic approach of examining the impact of an exogenous change – in this case of transportation technology – on the economy using analytic models. There are few studies which formally model the impact. Where transport costs are prohibitive the analytic model is identical to that which studies a prohibitive tariff. Where there is already some trade, the fall in transport costs is either equivalent to a tariff reduction coupled with a productivity gain or a terms of trade gain.
There have been recent extensions to the standard model of international trade where economies of scale exist . They predict intra-industry trade (about a quarter of world trade today, up from almost nothing 50 years ago). Even more disturbing – in terms of traditional theory – the trade points may be indeterminate, while the theory predicts the existence of successful exporting firms which are not obviously advantaged by being in their base country. This has led to considerable theoretical turmoil in trade thinking including such developments as strategic trade theory,and competitive advantage.
Another important theoretical development has been a concern with factor mobility – traditional trade theory assumes there is none. This is not just a matter of capital mobility e.g. foreign direct investment and international capital flows and labour mobility but also of technology which needs to be re-evaluated in terms of recent research developments including the theory of endogenous technology and information.
Perhaps too, transport costs can be treated as a transaction cost so that part of the standard economics paradigm has some relevance. This possible theoretical extension has only been recently identified, and has yet to be explored, so its promise is tentative.
In summary, international economic relations have become much more complicated in the last fifty years, and economic theory is struggling to adapt. On the whole New Zealand thinking has lagged behind these developments, despite the country’s past and future being fundamentally dependent on the course of globalisation.
This research, the socio-economic challenges and the survival process of the households of the Asian regions. The study highlights mainly four broad areas: these are the socio-economic challenges: its past and present, peoples’ strategies for socio-economic survival, foreign aided projects and remittance and observation of exports and balance of commodities from this region that helps maintaining gaps and equality.
Besides, this study conducted through the help of different literatures review and an observational case studies. Focus group discussion and simple qualitative process are followed. A semi-structure questionnaire are used to collect open ended answers from the respondents of these areas. The review was conducted two stages. First, a simple survey was followed on the common areas of the regions and identification of the real situation is revealed. In the next stage, region wise information is collected for greater authenticity of the present situation (socio-economic challenges).
The method used for measuring globalization effect in the Asian regions. To measure these elements, Local peoples and businessmen , leaders and political parties are involved. As the study revealed that there is a big gap between the production, marketing, price, export and remittance from abroad so the socio-economic balance is not maintained at all and the developed countries put forces the developing countries to follow the policies as framed by the developed countries. As a result, balance in trade and remittance are never matched under the trend of globalization.
It is also noticed that high employment has been manifested that are caused by poor production, landless-ness, lack of capital, credit, production and marketing opportunities, export policies and help of government for the SMEs. More or less 45 to 50% people are underemployed in these regions so that globalization does not bring positive outcome among peoples in these regions in terms of socio-economic development.
(Mohammad Mosaddedk Hossain is a management expert. He is a regular contributor to the New Nation.)
