Reuters :
Aspiring politician Abdul Rasheed was born in Myanmar and is one of the very few members of the Rohingya Muslim minority to have Myanmar citizenship.
His father was a civil servant. But when the country goes to the polls in November, the businessman will not be able to stand as a candidate because officials accuse him of having foreign roots.
Rasheed is among at least a dozen Myanmar citizens from the Rohingya Muslim minority who have applied to be candidates in the Nov 8 general election, hoping to get into politics under the newly democratic government led by Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi.
Six of them have been rejected after officials said they failed to prove their parents were citizens at the time of their birth, a requirement under the election law.
The election is another important test for Myanmar as it makes a transition away from military rule but rights groups say the disqualification of Rohingya candidates demonstrates the limits of reform.
“Everyone in Myanmar, regardless of their ethnicity or religion, must have the same opportunity to contest in elections,” said Tun Khin, head of the Burma Rohingya Organisation UK, urging international donors to halt funding to the electoral agency.
In his apartment in Yangon, Rasheed leafed through reams of identity cards and letters.
“We have all these documents that the government issued, and they don’t accept the fact that my parents are citizens. I feel bad about that and concerned,” he said.
Myanmar does not recognise the term Rohingya or the community as an indigenous ethnic group.
Instead, they are derided as “Bengalis”, implying they are illegal immigrants from Bangladesh, despite tracing their history in Myanmar’s Rakhine State back for centuries.
Successive military governments that ruled Myanmar stripped the Rohingya of identity documents, leaving many with no proof of their origins.
More than 730,000 fled from Myanmar in 2017 after a military crackdown the United Nations said was carried out with genocidal intent. Myanmar denies genocide, saying its security forces were engaged in a legitimate campaign against Rohingya insurgents.
Several hundred thousand Rohingya who remain in Myanmar are mostly confined to camps and villages and subjected to curbs on movement and access to healthcare.
Monywa Aung Shin, a senior official from Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy, said the electoral organisations that rejected the candidates were just following the law.
“Whether Bengali or not, foreigners and non-ethnic people are not allowed to run in the election,” he said.
Tin Hlaing, chairwoman of the Rakhine State election commission that rejected Rasheed’s application, said it was “certain” his parents were not citizens at the time he was born.
In his apartment, Rasheed held up the documents held by both his parents, which he said once sufficed as proof of citizenship. The cards were withdrawn in the 1990s when many Rohingya found such cards replaced with temporary “white cards”.
In 2015, President Thein Sein announced the white cards would also be nullified, stripping Rohingya of the right to vote in 2015 polls that brought Suu Kyi to power.
While excluded from voting or standing in that election, many Rohingya put their faith in the longtime democracy leader’s party.
“We can understand the previous situation, that previous governments backed up by the military did not follow the democratic norms,” said Kyaw Soe Aung, the general secretary from Democracy and Human Rights party (DHRP), one of three Rohingya parties in Myanmar.
“But it is difficult to understand that Aung San Suu Kyi and her democratic government would do the same.”
The party chairman, Kyaw Min, 72, was also rejected this week, despite winning a seat in a 1990 election, that was nullified by the former military government, and spending years in prison along with other democracy activists.
Abu Tahay, an independent Rohingya candidate who was also barred from the polls, said the exclusion of Rohingya people from the election – as candidates and voters – meant they would feel thwarted in trying to reach their goals of securing citizenship and living in “peaceful coexistence” with all citizens.
“They don’t have any hope for their future,” he said.
While voter lists have been posted across the country, none has appeared at the camps outside the Rakhine state capital of Sittwe, where about 100,000 Rohingyas are confined, community elder Kyaw Hla Aung told Reuters by telephone.
“In 2015, about 200 people appeared on the voter list but this time, there is no voter list,” he told Reuters by phone.
Aye Win, one of the six Rohingyas who have been approved to stand in the election, said there was little hope of victory unless many more Rohingyas were granted citizenship ahead of the vote.
“If not, the situation is not good,” he said.
